Ground Training Lesson 3
2.0 Hours Ground
by Philip Greenspun and Kasim Te; revised July 2008
Developed for students at East Coast Aero Club which operated under FAR Part 141 from July 2008 through July 2010.
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Objective
The student will review selected sections of the appropriate
Robinson helicopter POH. The instructor will expand on various
operating limitations, procedures, and performance data contained in
the handbook. Also, the student will learn the significance and
effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations.
Elements
Robinson Helicopter POH
- General information
- Limitations
- Airspeed
- Rotor
- Powerplant
- Type of operation
- Fuel
- Instrument markings
- Flight and maneuver limitations
- Placard information
- Performance
- Handling and maintenance
- Supplements
- Safety notices
Performance
- Performance charts
- Types of charts
- Interpretations of charts
- Effect of density altitude
- Air density
- Pressure altitude
- Temperature
- Moisture
- Computing density altitude by chart and E6B
- Effect on hovering, takeoff, and rate of climb
- High altitude operation
- Hazards of high altitude operation
- Power available at altitude
- Different approach procedures at high altitude
- Height velocity diagram
- Carb icing and carb heat
- Causes and indication of carb icing
- Elimination
- Use of carb heat and performance
- Effects of wind on performance
- Wind direction-hover performance
- Critical relative wind azimuth area
- Loss of tail rotor effectiveness
- Gusts
- Effect of Gross Weight
- On power available
- On hovering ceiling
- On takeoff and rate of climb
Helicopter Weight and Balance
- Basic empty weight
- Standard empty weight of various Robinson helicopters
- Maximum gross weight
- Useful load versus Payload
- Datum, Station, Arm, Moment
- Computing center of gravity (CG) and comparing to limitations (aft/forward, left/right)
- Usable/Unusable fuel
- Accounting for lubricants (oil)
- Weight and balance determination
- Computation method - longitudinal/lateral
- Graph method
- Weight and balance management
- Weight adjustment
- Center of gravity adjustment
- Fuel burn off
- Effect of out-of-balance loading
Completion Standards
At the completion of this lesson, the student displays, through
oral examination, a commercial pilot level of understanding of all of
the material presented.
Study Assignments
- Rotorcraft Flying Handbook -- Chapters 6 and 8
- Robinson helicopter POH -- Chapters 1-10
- AC 90-95 -- Loss of Tail-rotor effectiveness
Instructor's Evaluation and Recommendations:
Ground Training Record, Lesson 3
Any deviations from the completion standards should be noted in the previous section.
After completing an item in the Elements section, place a check mark next to that item.
- Student Name:
- Instructor Name/CFI#/expiration:
- Instructor Endorsement:
- Date of Lesson: