{"id":25756,"date":"2020-02-04T09:14:02","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T14:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/?p=25756"},"modified":"2020-02-04T21:42:28","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T02:42:28","slug":"iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/","title":{"rendered":"Iowa Caucuses, Boeing 737 MAX, and Apollo 11: software is usually the weakest link"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>From <em><a href=\"https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/02\/03\/iowa-caucus-app-failed\/\">Techcrunch<\/a><\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>A smartphone app tasked with reporting the results of the Iowa caucus has crashed, delaying the result of the first major count in nominating a Democratic candidate to run for the U.S. presidency.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Previously, I wrote about how a handful of lines of code could have prevented the Boeing 737 MAX&#8217;s software from trimming the airliner into a dive-bomber-at-Midway nose-down attitude (see <a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2019\/04\/08\/boeing-737-max-crash-and-the-rejection-of-ridiculous-data\/\">&#8220;Boeing 737 MAX crash and the rejection of ridiculous data&#8221;<\/a>, for example).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I recently visited the Kennedy Space Center visitor center. In the building housing one of the leftover Saturn V rockets there is a compelling &#8220;Lunar Theater&#8221; presentation explaining that software overloaded the computer system in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_Lunar_Module\">Lunar Module<\/a> during Apollo 11, the first landing on the moon. According to the dramatic retelling, the mission was saved only because the crew hand-flew the spaceship to a successful landing. In other words, all of the civil, mechanical, electrical, and aeronautical engineering challenges were met, but the software failed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[Update: See comments below for how the the software in this case may have been blameless!]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The books for sale at the KSC do not encourage young visitors to become  computer programmers&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"1520\" src=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850-1140x1520.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25828\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/img_4850\/\" class=\"wp-image-25828\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4850.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"1520\" src=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851-1140x1520.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25829\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/img_4851\/\" class=\"wp-image-25829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4851.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"1520\" src=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521-1140x1520.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25830\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/img_48521\/\" class=\"wp-image-25830\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_48521.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1140\" height=\"1520\" src=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853-1140x1520.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25831\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/img_4853\/\" class=\"wp-image-25831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853-1140x1520.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4853.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1520\" height=\"1140\" src=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-1520x1140.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"25832\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/04\/iowa-caucuses-boeing-737-max-and-apollo-11-software-is-usually-the-weakest-link\/img_4854\/\" class=\"wp-image-25832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-1520x1140.jpg 1520w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/philip.greenspun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/IMG_4854.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1520px) 100vw, 1520px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Maybe it is time to switch to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haskell_(programming_language)\">Haskell<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, what if the Iowa debacle had happened in some other country? Would U.S. media report it as resulting from a fundamental problem with that country&#8217;s culture and educational system? Whereas if it happens here in the U.S. it is just an unfortunate freak event?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Related:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/apollo-11-mission-out-of-control\/\">Apollo 11: Mission Out of Control<\/a> (<em>WIRED<\/em>): &#8220;The inside story of how Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin struggled to touch down on the moon, while their guidance computer kept crashing. Again and again.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From Techcrunch: A smartphone app tasked with reporting the results of the Iowa caucus has crashed, delaying the result of the first major count in nominating a Democratic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-nerdism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iowa Caucuses, Boeing 737 MAX, and Apollo 11: software is usually the weakest link - 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