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The 8th grader that I have been tutoring in math has been assigned to “advanced geometry” for next year. This is apparently the highest classification available in the local high school. Her father brought me a bottle of Champagne and said that all of the credit for this was due me. Of course it would have been rude to contradict him so I gratefully accepted credit for my student’s hard work.

Now that I have demonstrated the ability to claim success in this domain it is time to share what I have learned.

Basically the American K-12 math curriculum is so dull that it takes an almost inhuman effort to stay awake and focused while solving the pointless and repetitive assigned problems. As with flying, the crew concept improves performance. One crew member (the student) solves the problems while the other crew member monitors and offers reminders to (1) slow down, (2) write everything down, (3) make the smallest change to an equation at a time (e.g., don’t add 4 to both sides and divide by -3 in one step; that’s two operations and therefore one should rewrite the equation twice). The student will be trying to escape the pain and boredom by doing multiple steps in his or her head. This leads to errors that wouldn’t be made if the steps were simpler and the result of each step written down.

A lot of these problems are basically arithmetic, despite the fact that the subject is called “math”. The school expects exact answers from a calculator, but of course it is easy to be way off by pressing the wrong key. So I worked with this 8th grader on estimating techniques so that if there were a huge discrepancy between the mental or pencil/paper estimate and the calculated result it would be noticed before handing in the work.

In a competitive and lucrative marketplace for textbooks I would have thought that a great book full of real-world examples would be out there, but apparently our local school system didn’t find one. I’m wondering if the way that we’re teaching math actually is the right way. Can that be true? Just tell students “this is an abstract subject and if you want to get a good job one day you need to do everything we assign”?

Related:

• Real-world examples of systems of linear equations?
• Why I volunteer as a math tutor

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We are a nation of mall rats, according to “What in the World Is Causing the Retail Meltdown of 2017?” (Atlantic)

By one measure of consumerist plentitude—shopping center “gross leasable area”—the U.S. has 40 percent more shopping space per capita than Canada, five times more the the UK, and ten times more than Germany.

Now it is clear why our Ft. Lauderdale rental condo (more than $4,000 per week) contained a $20 set of Farberware knives:

In 2016, for the first time ever, Americans spent more money in restaurants and bars than at grocery stores.

Maybe don’t buy that commercial REIT right now…

Once autonomous vehicles are cheap, safe, and plentiful, retail and logistics companies could buy up millions, seeing that cars can be stores and streets are the ultimate real estate. In fact, self-driving cars could make shopping space nearly obsolete in some areas. CVS could have hundreds of self-driving minivans stocked with merchandise roving the suburbs all day and night, ready to be summoned to somebody’s home by smartphone. A new luxury-watch brand in 2025 might not spring for an Upper East Side storefront, but maybe its autonomous showroom vehicle could circle the neighborhood, waiting to be summoned to the doorstep of a tony apartment building. Autonomous retail will create new conveniences, and traffic headaches, require new regulations and inspire new business strategies that could take even more businesses out of commercial real estate.

Readers: What do you think? For every current robocall will there be a visit to our driveway tomorrow by a robovan? The doors will open and a loudspeaker on the roof will say “Dear Homeowner: please come out and look at the solar panels you could add to your roof”?

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As part of my tireless campaign to be defriended by every user of Facebook, I posted the following:

Less than three months into the Trump Administration and already our neighbors are stocking up on guns and threatening violence against foreigners. #BritishLivesMatter [video]

As the British are vilified locally and our wars against them celebrated as just causes, I think it is worth remembering the actual situation. In “Tea, Taxes, and the Revolution” (Foreign Policy, 2012), we learn that there were big disparities in tax rates among the colonies:

By 1714, British citizens in Great Britain were paying on a per capita basis 10 times as much in taxes as the average “American” in the 13 colonies, though some colonies had higher taxes than others. Britons, for example, paid 5.4 times as much in taxes as taxpayers in Massachusetts, 18 times as much as Connecticut Yankees, 6.3 times as much as New Yorkers, 15.5 times as much as Virginians; and 35.8 times as much as Pennsylvanians.

Tax rates were low by modern standards, but seemingly destined to be raised:

By 1775, the British government was consuming one-fifth of its citizens’ GDP, while New Englanders were only paying between 1 and 2 percent of their income in taxes. British citizens were also weighed down with a national debt piled up by years of worldwide warfare that amounted to £15 for each of the crown’s eight million subjects, while American local and colonial governments were almost debt-free. Against this backdrop, Americans watched as the British monarchy attempted to raise taxes on the colonists to pay down its war debt and pay for the 10,000 British soldiers barracked in the colonies.

Happy Patriot’s Day to American readers. Happy Traitor’s Day to those in England.

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Two years ago, in “Missoula: Rape and the Justice System in a College Town (a.k.a. majoring in partying and football)” I implied that majoring in partying might not be great career preparation. As with most of my posts, it turns out that I was wrong! Here’s a young person at the Tortuga Music Festival with a job that might well require a degree in frat parties:

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I decided to be the person least knowledgeable about country music attending the Tortuga Music Festival, a short walk from our Ft. Lauderdale rental. What did I learn?

• You don’t have to have white skin to enjoy country music. In fact, roughly half of the exposed skin that I saw was blue, red, green, or whatever other color a tattoo artist had decided to impart. (see my photos)
• If you’re truly passionate about helping sea turtles, one way to do it is put up a mile-wide fence to block them from getting up on the beach during nesting season.

Here were the musicians that I saw…

• Delta Rae. A lot of energy from all six members. The crowd seemed to like their Fleetwood Mac cover the best. Many references to “strong and independent women” (it was unclear how many audience members had found financial independence through “permanent alimony” under Florida family law, but in any case the crowd cheered)
• G. Love and Special Sauce. A virtuoso instrumentalist who ably disguises his Northeast roots when singing.
• Kane Brown, a fit 23-year-old with more tattoos than any audience member(!). He has adapted country music to America’s Victimhood Culture. He performed a rap-ish song (“Learning”) about being nearly beaten to death as a 6-year-old by one of his “stepdads” and then about how the successor stepdad was nicer, but he was “Getting looked down on just because of your skin” (unspecified as to what skin color would have made people look up to him and his family). The theme of the song was about how he was “gonna let it go” and was “learning how to let it go,” but if you write a song about something and continuously perform it can be out there offering advice to others on how to let things go?
• the Marcus King Band. I just loved this guy. He is 21 years old and answers the question “What if Sam Kinison could play the guitar amazingly well?” He and G. Love jammed together. Their love for the blues was evident.
• Luke Bryan. He talked about being done with work for the month (it was April 7), enjoying having a #1 record, and drinking shots of Tequila (?) up on stage (the audience was enthusiastic on this last point). I’m ashamed to admit this, but I can’t figure out what is different about this guy from any other modern country star. Nor can I remember what he sounded like.

Tips: Don’t pay up for “Reef” or “VIP” status unless you enjoy extremely loud music and having your organs rearranged by the bass. Most of the festival happens on the sand footwear should be limited to sandals or you may look like a dork from up north…

Transgender situation: Bathroom facilities were divided into “men” and “women” with no “all-gender” options.

Hotel idea: Marriott Harbor Beach, which is near the southern end of the festival. This is about a 10-minute walk from the non-VIP entrance/exit, which means that there are slightly more convenient hotels. However, the Marriott is in a quieter part of the beach and has some great amenities, such as clay tennis courts and a great teacher (Jack Cooper, USPTA). The Marriott is right at the edge of where the traffic gets snarled so you will be able to get out to the rest of Florida during the festival if desired.

More:

• my photos

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The typical U.S. state offers at least two courthouses for people claiming domestic violence: criminal and family courts (see “The Domestic Violence Parallel Track”). There is also a federal domestic violence bureaucracy, set up for the Violence Against Women Act, e.g., to grant Green Cards based on claims of domestic violence. While doing taxes this year my accountant’s Obamacare section (a full page of questions out of a 29-page questionnaire) asks “If you received advance premium tax credit or enrolled in coverage through the Marketplace, are married, and are filing separately from your spouse, are you a victim of domestic abuse or spousal abandonment?”

The IRS’s FAQ on this corner of Obamacare explains that victimhood is a self-certified matter, but subject to ultimate evaluation by an IRS employee:

To certify that you are a victim of domestic abuse or spousal abandonment and qualify for relief from the joint return filing requirement, you should check the box at the top of Form 8962, Premium Tax Credit (PTC), which you will use to claim the credit. You should not attach documentation of the abuse or abandonment to your tax return, but should keep any documentation you may have with your tax return records. For examples of what documentation to keep, see Publication 974, Premium Tax Credit (PTC) [this is a 74-page PDF]. Taxpayers may claim this relief from the joint filing requirement for no more than three consecutive years. For more information on this relief, see the instructions to Form 8962, Premium Tax Credit (PTC).

Domestic abuse includes physical, psychological, sexual, or emotional abuse, including efforts to control, isolate, humiliate, and intimidate, or to undermine the victim’s ability to reason independently. All the facts and circumstances are considered in determining whether an individual is abused, including the effects of alcohol or drug abuse by the victim’s spouse. Depending on the facts and circumstances, abuse of the victim’s child or other family member living in the household may constitute abuse of the victim.

What does the 74-page Publication 974 say? Taxpayers can keep a “Doctor’s report or letter” or “A statement from someone who was aware of, or who witnessed, the abuse or the results of the abuse”.

What else bulks up this 29-page questionnaire?

• There is a special form for people who got federal “mortgage assistance payments.”
• There are different tax procedures for people who use Coverdell Education Savings Accounts or 529 accounts to pay for educational expenses (Form 1099-Q)
• There are different tax rates for people who install a long list of “alternative energy equipment” or “energy efficiency improvements”.
• There are procedures for pulling money out of retirement accounts to pay for education.
• There are procedures for pulling money out of retirement accounts to pay for “a principal residence.”
• There are procedures for dealing with the purchase of a plug-in electric vehicle.
• There are different tax rates and/or reporting procedures for money spent on health care via a health savings account.
• There are different tax rates and/or reporting procedures for money spent on health care via a medical savings account. (how is this different from a health savings account?)
• The IRS needs to know about distributions from long-term care insurance.
• There are different procedures and/or reporting procedures for people who owe more than $1 million in total mortgages.

Readers: What complexities did my accountants miss with their questionnaire?

Happy Tax Day!

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A retired Ivy League graduate checked the wrong box when using H&R Block software to prepare 2015 taxes. This resulted in a $2,700 penalty for not complying with Obamacare requirements to purchase health insurance. That in itself is a little odd since the same government that was penalizing him and his wife was also providing them with Medicare, which one would think would be legal under Obamacare.

He noticed the error about six months later and filed an amended tax return. Just recently he got three letters from the IRS on the same day. One said that he owed them about $6,000. One said that they owed him $2,700. The third letter said that nobody owed anyone anything.

Related:

• Adventures in Obamacare
• End-of-Obamacare fears a good illustration of why government has to grow?
• Obamacare premium for 2017
• Obamacare penalties for small companies that pay Obamacare premiums?
• Harvard geniuses on Obamacare
• An Obamacare Day

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Some of my Facebook friends are bicoastal sanctimony city-dwellers who work in venture capital (is that actually work when they underperform the S&P 500, on average?). One of them recently explained what’s going on inside her head:

I struggle with caring about [the vast swath of middle America that’s suffering].

Do we owe people good jobs in their hometowns? I’m not so sure. I think we probably owe people jobs, but it’s a bridge too far to owe them jobs they can get with no education in their hometowns, only because of the historical coincidence that their fathers had them. The jobs are there: you just have to learn programming (which you can do free, online) or do shitty low-paying work, and you may have to move. But no one really gets the job they want where they want. I don’t have it.

And all my sympathies are with immigrants. I see them as the best people, the least entitled people. It is hard to move. But they move for the jobs. They move to countries their family doesn’t live in, where they sometimes don’t speak the language, with little money, and they work hard. (This is much harder than the move from West Virginia to Brooklyn.) They often sacrifice their lives so that the lives of their offspring can be better, and they often accomplish this. I wish middle America had more of this gumption, which is deeply American.

So in the end I believe in open borders, the economic value of living closely with others, and that sentimental ideas about our hometowns belong in Faulkner novels, not our economic policies.

One thing I found interesting is the description of the struggling fly-over Deplorables as having “no education”. (Can’t fly over Midwestern Deplorables on Virgin America anymore. Who says that the elite are not suffering too?) They spent 13 years in what is pretty much the world’s most expensive K-12 system. How did they come out with “no education”?

Related:

• Tyler Cowen says we’ve lost our mojo, but maybe it is just welfare?
• Tyler Cowen: U.S. has a lot of upward mobility–for immigrants
• Tyler Cowen explains why rich white Democrats freely express love for immigrants and people of color

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After two weeks in South Florida, where the interstate highways serve mainly as parking lots from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm daily (Ft. Lauderdale/Miami is a 1.5-hour, 28-mile experience; see image below for traffic parked in both the regular and the $12 “express” lanes of I-95), I’m wondering why there isn’t more discussion around U.S. infrastructure and immigration. The Interstate highway system was set up in 1956 when the U.S. population was 169 million. Due primarily to immigration (immigrants and the children of immigrants) the population has doubled since then (Pew). Consequently, we sit in traffic jams instead of working or enjoying leisure and family activities.

A naive analysis of immigration might start from the assumption that we could be better off economically any time that we could accept an immigrant who earns an above-median wage (also factor in whether kids are likelier-than-current-American-average to wage jihad? see Omar Mateen and Syed Farook, for example). But a larger population requires more infrastructure. Most of our infrastructure is inherited from 1850-1970 or so. If it costs us more today, in inflation-adjusted dollars, to build a bridge, highway, subway system, or tunnel, then we could be making ourselves worse off by adding population even if the new additions to the population earn an above-median wage. Does it cost us more? “Why California Stopped Building Freeways” is a 1993 article that describes “skyrocketing costs” through the 1980s. (See also Longfellow Bridge repairs will now take about as long as the original construction for how 2015-18 repairs will cost 4X, in inflation-adjusted dollars, what it cost to build the bridge in the early 1900s.)

Plainly there are some immigrants to Florida who boost the overall economy. A retired Wall Streeter fleeing New York income and estate taxes who buys a $10 million house and pays breathtaking property taxes will more than compensate for his or her burden on the infrastructure. But has anyone calculated the break-even point?

[Of course I realize that boosting an economy is not the only reason to welcome immigrants. However, it is an argument frequently made by advocates for continued and/or increased immigration.]

Update: Gizmodo estimates the value of current U.S. infrastructure at about $114,000 per capita. But our cost of building new/additional stuff is much higher than the value of our old stuff. So perhaps it would cost at least $250,000 for every additional American to provide infrastructure at the current level? If every immigrant who shows up results in population expansion of 6 additional people (parents via chain migration, spouse, kids), an immigrant or employer would have to pay a fee to the U.S. Treasury of $1.5 million for each new person who shows up (in order for existing American residents not to become worse off).

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I attended Sun n Fun 2017 and everything was pretty much the same as in 2014 (my post). I flew in with a friend who owns a Cirrus SR22. After about 500 hours he hasn’t mastered the Garmin G1000 panel. I also have hundreds of hours of G1000 time, including as part of a jet type rating, and I was fumbling quite a bit while trying to do something pretty simple: set up a user waypoint at a latitude/longitude and fly there. The experience reminded me that aviation is still in the “horseless carriage” mode of using computers. The FAA has some electronic processes for registering aircraft, pilots, and mechanics, but paper or plastic certificates are still required and the electronic processes closely mimic the old paper-only processes. There are tablets in the cockpit and a copy of an old paper approach plate will appear on the LCD screen. The 1950s aircraft had one switch and dial for every subsystem. The 2010s aircraft has one screen corresponding to each subsystem. The computer is not a partner in accomplishing a mission, but rather a 1:1 replacement for physical switches. It is the pilot’s job to set up each switch while the computer remains ignorant of the rationale.

Landing gear is not down and the airplane is otherwise configured to land with flaps and a slow airspeed? You’ll hear an electronic warning “horn” that replaces the old mechanical horn and, if you remember your annual training, might associate that with imminent damage to the belly. This shouldn’t be confused with the warning “tone” to tell you that the electronic trim is running away and therefore a crash from stalling might be imminent. Why can’t the $50,000 to $500,000 of onboard computers get it together to synthesize a “trim runaway” or “check landing gear” warning? That’s not how it was done in the 1950s and the point of the fancy computers is to mimic the 1950s processes.

Epic was in the same location as in 2014, with the same 6-seat turboprop and the same message: will be certified within about a year.

In the world of amphibious seaplanes, Searey was there with a track record of having delivered 700 (kits plus LSA). One of them at the show had lived on a yacht for a couple of years. The owner would periodically lower it into calm water and fly around. The company featured an Australian’s round-the-world trip in 2015 (they didn’t mention the recovery from spatial disorientation that is in the linked-to article). Icon wasn’t around (at their current production rate they have several hundred years worth of orders). An amphibian designed in Finland will be built with cheap labor in Maine (Avweb).

Diamond is threatening to shake up the helicopter world with a piston four-seater (Avweb) to compete with the Robinson R-44.

The L3 Lynx transponder-with-touch-screen was being demoed and generated a lot of excitement as a way to bring an old airplane up to date in a bunch of areas, including ADS-B. Garmin was showing their G5 attitude indicator that can be used to replace old vacuum-driven steam-gauge “artificial horizons.” Inadvertently they demonstrated the cost of regulation: $1,199 for experimental aircraft or $950 extra ($2,149 total) for the identical “certified” version that would be legal to put into a Cessna or Piper.

For pilots: the Sun n Fun NOTAM is moderately terrifying in its complexity, but most of it relates to IFR or other airports. The VFR approach is pretty straightforward and we didn’t have much company on the morning of the first day of the event. There was an epic amount of taxiing involved, but it was well-organized, and only a short wait to take off after the airshow. Things are compressed at the end of the day because the airport is closed until 5:30 pm due to the airshow and then closed after 7:30 pm, period. To avoid the rush, consider flying in and out in the morning.

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