“Some Migrants in Germany Want to Go Home” is a Wall Street Journal article that includes some information on the practical economics of being a migrant in Germany.
It seems that asylum seekers get free housing, but it is not very high quality:
In October, Amer sold all his belongings in Syria and took his family to a safer life in Germany. Four months later, he wants to return to a country still at war.
Once in Germany, Amer discovered an unexpected reality: Instead of the small house he was hoping for and money to help him open a business, he was given a bare room in an old administrative building turned into an emergency shelter.
They also get a cash stipend:
Before leaving Syria, Amer said he had heard refugees in Germany got around €500 ($546) a month in benefits—a relatively accurate estimate. But he hadn’t realized everything in Germany costs far more than in Syria, he said, dressed in a black hoodie and sweatpants.
“I would probably need 10 years to reach the minimum standard of living of any normal German and the language seems impossible for me to learn,” said Amer, who worked in a snack shop in Syria and never attended university.
Having spent €15,000—everything he owned—to bring his wife, son and brother-in-law to Germany, Amer said he doesn’t yet know how he will pay for their return.
They can presumably get free health care in Germany’s health care system (not a simple single-payer one like in the UK or France).
Overall the package seems less generous than what U.S. welfare recipients collect. The total stipend is only about as much as a U.S. welfare family of three would receive in SNAP (food stamps). (Note that, perhaps coincidentally, the stipend is about the same as the maximum child support revenue obtainable in Germany, e.g., for someone who had sex with the richest person in Germany.) The housing sounds crummier than government-provided housing here.
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