Philip Greenspun’s Weblog

According to this Aero-News.Net piece, Sikorsky’s Chinese partner has just produced its first S-76 airframe. This is one of the most sophisticated American-designed products, a helicopter that costs close to $12 million and faces little competition due to engineering and regulatory barriers. For the past 30 years it has been produced exclusively in the U.S. The Chinese announcement comes on the heels of Sikorsky’s major investments in Poland, where factories are producing Blackhawk helicopters for the U.S. Army (more).

I’m wondering whether Sikorsky’s offshore expansion should make us think a little harder about what it will take to restore our manufacturing economy. Rust Belt states have millions of surplus workers. A Sikorsky helicopter faces less competition than almost anything else that we make and labor costs are a relatively small part of its retail price. Sikorsky’s manufacturing operations are subject to FAA regulation, which is easier to deal with when nobody has to get on a plane to Asia or Europe.

If Sikorsky does not want to set up shop in Michigan or Indiana, or expand its existing operations in Connecticut and Florida, why would we expect any other manufacturer to do so?

An alternative statement of the same facts would start with the observation that an American is unemployed when no company believes that, in the current regulatory and tax environment, it is possible to hire that person and make a profit. The American will become employed when he or she gets more education and skills, when the regulations and tax rates change, or when the global economy booms so much that every qualified worker in a foreign country has already been hired. Our government is not doing anything significant with education. Our government is making the regulatory and tax environment harsher for business. Thus we can infer that the government is counting on a global economic boom and an exhaustion of the supply of workers in other countries, which effectively means that whether or not the U.S. employment situation improves is primarily controlled by foreigners.

[A second example is EMC choosing to invest $1.5B in India rather than near its headquarters in Massachusetts (press release).]

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Folks: I have a handful of DVDs that are moderately important, e.g., instructional videos for how to use a household appliance. I would like to rip all of these to a hard drive so that I will no longer be responsible for keeping the original DVDs organized, accessible, and scratch-free. I’d like to be able to play these back on a PC or a TV via a PC-to-HDMI output. The total size of the collection will be fewer than 100 disks.

Question 1: What is the best software to use on a Windows Vista machine for ripping the CDs? It would be nice if the software compressed the data, but not if that will result in a noticeable quality reduction (DVDs are already compressed and look moderately crummy on an HDTV; how much more can I throw away before it looks like VHS?)

Question 2: What is a good card to buy and plug into the PC that will put out audio and video on a single HDMI connector? I have an ATI Radeon 2600 XT that purports to be able to do this (came factory-installed in a Dell XPS desktop), but (1) though I bought the special adaptor from ATI that converts DVI to HDMI, no sound is pushed out to the TV, (2) the ATI Catalyst software that I downloaded from their Web site fails to install, and (3) the Windows OS does not recognize the ATI card as an audio device, leading me to believe that there never will be sound.

Question 3: Will this make me a felon? From what I recall of the Clinton Administration’s Digital Millennium Copyright Act, doing anything with a DVD was a federal crime.

Thanks in advance for your comments and advice.

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Now that McDonald’s has started playing Christmas music, it is time to start thinking about Santa. The second-to-last paragraph of “Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Political Economy” by Robert Higgs offers a seasonally appropriate comparison:

Many Americans now believe many things about their government that are false, and they expect much from the government that the rulers cannot provide. The public at large embraces myths about what the government can do, what it actually does, and how it goes about doing it. Only people enamored of such myths can support, for example, a gigantically expensive health-care “reform” at a time when the present value of the government’s promised future Social Security and Medicare benefits alone amounts to several times the current GDP. (I am disregarding here the interested parties who expect to reap short-run pillage from an intrinsically doomed system.) Until more people come to a more realistic, fact-based understanding of the government and the economy, little hope exists of tearing them away from their quasi-religious attachment to a government they view with misplaced reverence and unrealistic hopes. Lacking a true religious faith yet craving one, many Americans have turned to the state as a substitute god, endowed with the divine omnipotence required to shower the public with something for nothing in every department – free health care, free retirement security, free protection from hazardous consumer products and workplace accidents, free protection from the Islamic maniacs the U.S. government stirs up with its misadventures in the Muslim world, and so forth. If you take the government to be Santa Claus, you naturally want every day to be Christmas; and the bigger the Santa, the bigger his sack of goodies. This prevailing ideology constitutes probably the most critical obstacle to reductions in the government’s size, scope, and power. Getting rid of this ideology will be diabolically difficult, if possible at all.

The author has a Ph.D. in Economics from Johns Hopkins (compared to my meager collection of econ courses taken), but I believe him to be wrong about Social Security and Medicare benefits. As pointed out in my blog postings on While America Aged, Congress has the authority to change the Social Security age of eligibility to 75 or 80 or to adjust Medicare so that anesthesia returns to the good old days of whiskey and a bullet to bite. It is states and local governments that are truly stuck with their pension and health care promises.

For Americans who don’t pay income tax, perhaps the government truly is Santa Claus. According to the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute, roughly 47 percent of Americans either pay no tax or a negative tax (i.e., the government sends them money every year through such programs as the Earned Income Tax Credit). So you’d think that any new government spending program would attract at least 47 percent of potential voters. On the other hand, millions of people who do not suffer the scourge of income tax still get hit with assorted other taxes at both the state and federal level.

What am I telling people that I want from Santa this year? World peace, of course (because I want to win the Nobel Prize after Sandra Bullock gets hers). And that I want Barack Obama to become immortal and then to be elected President-for-Life.

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Imagine a group of engineers so gifted that U.S. taxpayers were willing to spend more than $50 billion to keep them together. These folks designed a vehicle that weighs 6000 lbs. empty and is advertised as having safety advantages over cars designed by companies that operate without continuous government assistance. Tiger Woods, a man whose physique is presumably far more durable than average, drives this vehicle across a lawn and into a tree at a pretty low speed. Did he bound out of his Cadillac Escalade without a scratch? According to the New York Times, “Woods was slipping in and out of consciousness. [the police] said Woods suffered lacerations to his upper and lower lips and blood in his mouth, and that he was treated on scene for 10 minutes before being transported to a nearby hospital.”

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Things I am thankful for today:

• to have been born into the United States, a country that has been blessed with tremendous natural resources, mineral, animal, vegetable, and scenic, as well as remarkable tolerance for people of different races and beliefs
• the American Indians, who welcomed European settlers into this country
• family members who remain alive and healthy
• close friendships with people whom I met as far back as the 1970s
• the friendship of dogs, especially Samoyeds, over the years
• to have spent the early years of my career during a time of tremendous economic prosperity (1980s and 1990s)
• the hard work of engineers, scientists, and mathematicians since the Enlightenment who have made our comfortable modern lifestyle possible
• to have seen my peculiar passion, the Internet, grow from a research curiosity when I started using it in 1976 to a worldwide utility
• to have lived in the age of photography, which has enabled almost everyone to capture and record the world around us
• to have lived in a time when humans can realize a dream that may date back many thousands of years: to fly (and to have been born into a country where almost anyone can get into an affordable aircraft and poke around curiously at low altitudes over most places)

And now off to friend’s farm in Vermont. He says “my aunts cook the Thanksgiving meal to a reference standard.” Weather at KVSF is overcast 600; the instrument approach minimums are 1000′. This will be a trip in a car, another product of recent years for which I am grateful.

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According to this New York Times article, President Obama will be the figurehead for a new program to encourage American kids to study engineering, math, and science. One wonders how effective this will be, given that Mr. Obama himself has been one of the most successful Americans of all time without ever having studied any engineering, math, or science. Obama’s undergraduate major was political science. Instead of enduring six years of slavery in science graduate school, Obama enjoyed three years of professional training at a law school. Wouldn’t a kid, every time he saw Obama’s face or heard his name, be encouraged to drop tech courses and pick up politics and law?

I would be grateful if readers can fill the comments section of this posting with the names of people holding power in Washington, D.C. right now who have a substantial technical background.

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… and then decide to do nothing about flight crew work and rest time regulations. It is tough to know whether to be glad that businesses won’t have to spend money figuring out how to comply with these new rules or sad that tax dollars have been paying government workers to sit in meeting rooms for 17 years to no purpose.

More: aero-news.net.

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The FAA has published a flight restriction for Nantucket from Wednesday (tomorrow) at 10:30 am until Monday at 5 pm (details). Who’s taking a 6-day vacation on the beach island? Probably Vice-President Joe Biden, given that the flight restriction has a 3 n.m.  radius (it would be 30 n.m. for the President) and that Biden’s 2008 Thanksgiving sojourn in a $4 million Nantucket house was covered by the press (example). [according to Henry Blodget, the $4 million house might not be worth as much anymore]

The taxpayers’ role in this Thanksgiving feast would have begun a couple of weeks ago with the Secret Service sweeping the island, dozens of monster SUVs being driven up from Virginia and ferried over, and perhaps a few helicopters being flown in. For Biden and his immediate family’s departure tomorrow morning, the Air Force will be putting some jet fuel into a Boeing 757’s 11,500 gallon tank.

My plans for tomorrow? Flying the Cirrus to Martha’s Vineyard for the day to see some friends, which should burn about 10 gallons of fuel for the round-trip. The challenges of the flight include possible airspace restrictions related to Biden’s arrival, ceilings down to 500′, mist, and the main runway at MVY being closed except for 15 minutes prior permission.

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When the newspapers are all gone, I will miss the political cartoons. Here are a few recent ones…

• Major Hasan
• Deciding about Afghanistan
• Goldman Sachs executives getting swine flu vaccine ahead of pregnant women

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Today I showed a group of high school kids, teachers, and parents around Hanscom Field. They are planning to build a human-powered helicopter, hoping to hover for 60 seconds, and wanted to see a conventional helicopter. We ran into a U.S. Air Force colonel. I introduced him and told the kids to feel free to ask him why we weren’t able to win any of our current wars. Then I asked if it violated any Air Force policy to be both an officer and a member of Al-Qaeda. He said “I’d have to check. Apparently it is okay in the Army.” We continued out on the ramp where I cautioned them against walking over what I call the “red line of death” that outlines the sterile area for scheduled airline flights (policy and badges remain in place despite the airline having shut down two years ago). I showed them the flight school planes that remained on the ramp in the middle of a beautiful Sunday morning (most of the fleet having dispersed with renters to Maine, the Cape and Islands, etc.). The two Cirruses were parked on the ramp; customers prefer the less expensive Piper Warrior. I told them that Angelina Jolie flies the same kind of plane. The fathers were excited, but not the students.

When we got to the Robinson R44, I showed them how the flight controls worked. They had the typical layperson’s misconception that the cyclic tilts the rotor system (the cyclic changes the blade pitch as the blades rotate around the disk, generating unequal lift, which causes the rotor system to fly itself into a new position; the helicopter hangs from the rotor system and follows). They were very interested in the engine/belts/driveshafts/transmissions. Once we had the inspection panels buttoned up we walked past the corporate jets into Signature Flight Support where they treated themselves to the free cookies and we had a question and answer session in the conference room. Not believing in my friend Dirk’s maxim that “pilots are notoriously stupid”, they asked me all kinds of questions about the best materials to use for their helicopter.

One of their ideas was to lift a transmission from an old helicopter and use it for their design. I reminded them that the Robinson transmission was designed to go 2200 hours without more than a tiny risk of failure, which meant that it was going to be hugely overengineered and therefore heavy. I reminded them of Colin Chapman’s statement that “the perfect race car falls apart as it crosses the finish line.” They needed a transmission that could run reliably for a few minutes in a hover, not one that could transfer 200 hp for 2200 hours.

The kids talked about various ideas for rotor systems and whether they should have more than one human power source. I told them that I thought the best design might be two counter-rotating rotors as seen in the Chinook (designed in 1957). With one bicyclist working each rotor they would not have the weight and complexity of a transmission. A conventional helicopter design wastes a significant amount of power driving the anti-torque tail rotor. In a Chinook-style helicopter, both rotor systems are producing useful lift.

Before and after the show-and-tell I taught a couple of helicopter instrument flying lessons in near-perfect conditions.

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